[ch16 is page 441-470] 441 An.1687 C H A P. XVI. They depart from the Bashee Islands, and passing by some others, and the N. End of Luconia, St. John's Isle, and other of the Philippines, they stop at the two Isles near Mindanao; where they re-fit their Ship, and make a Pump after the Spanish fashion. By the young Prince of the Spice-Island they have News of Captain Swan, and his men, left at Mindanao : The Author proposes to the Crew to return to him; but in vain : the story of his Murder at Min- danao. The Clove-Islands, Ternate, Ti- dore, &c. The Island Celebes, and Dutch Town of Macasser. They Coast along the East side of Celebes, and between it and other Islands and Sholes, with great Difficulty. Sky Turtle. Vast Cockles. A wild Vine of great Virtue for Sores. Great Trees; one excessife- ly big. Beacons instead of Buoys on the Sholes. A Spout : a Description of them, with a story of one. Uncertain Tornadoes. Turtle. The Island Bouton, and its chief Town and Har- bour, Callafusung. The Inhabitants. Visits given and receiv'd by the Sultan. His De- vice in the Flag of his Proe : his Guards, Habit, and Children. Their Commerce. Their different esteem (as they pretend) of the En- glish and Dutch. Maritime Indians sell others for Slaves. Their Reception in the F f 4 Town. [+++---] 442 An.1687 N. E. end of Luconia, and Isle of St. John. Town. A Boy with 4 Rows of Teeth. Para- kites. Crockadores, a fort of White Parrots. They pass among other Inhabited Islands, Om- ba, Pentare, Timor, &c. Sholes. New- Holland : laid down too much Northward. Its Soil, and Dragon trees. The poor Winking Inhabitants : their Features, Habit, Food, Arms, &c. The way of fetching Fire out of Wood. The Inhabitants on the Islands. Their Habitations, Unfitness for Labour, &c. The great Tides here. They design for the Island Cocos, and Cape Comorin. [---+++] THE third day of October 1687. we sailed from these Islands, standing to the Southward; intending to sail through among the Spice Islands. We had fair weather, and the wind at West. We first fteered S.S.W. and passed close by certain small Islands that lye just by the North end of the Island Luconia. We left them all on the West of us, and past on the East side of it, and the rest of the Phi- lippine Islands, coasting to the Southward. [---+++] The N. East end of the Island Luconia appears to be good Champion Land, of an indifferent heighth, plain and even for many leagues: only it has some pretty high Hills standing upright by themselves in these Plains; but no ridges of Hills, or chains of Mountains joyning one to another. The Land on this side seems to be most Savannah, or Pasture: The S. E. part is more Mountainous and Woody. [---+++] Leaving the Island Luconia, and with it our Gol- den projects, we sailed on the Southward, passing on the East side of the rest of the Philippine Islands. These appear to be more Mountainous, and les Woody, till we came in sight of the Island St. John; the first of that name I mentioned: the other spake [+++---] 443 An.1687 West side of Mindanao. Spanish Pumps. spake of on the Coast of China. This I have alrea- dy described to be a very woody Island. Here the Wind coming Southerly, forced us to keep farther from the Islands. [---+++] The 14th day of October we came close by a small low Woody Island, that lyeth East from the S. E. end of Mindanao, distant from it about 20 leagues. I do not find it set down in any Sea-Chart. [---+++] The 15th day we had the Wind at N. E. and we steered West for the Island Mindanao, and arri- ved at the S. E. end again on the 16th day. There we went in and anchored between two small Islands, which lye in about 5 d. 10 m. N. Lat. I mentioned them when we first came on this Coast. Here we found a fine small Cove, on the N. W. end of the Easternmost Island, fit to Careen in, or hale ashore : so we went in there, and pre- fently unrigged our Ship, and provided to hale our Ship ashore, to clean her bottom. These Islands are about 3 or 4 leagues from the Island Mindanao : they are about 4 or 5 miles in circumference, and of a pretty good heighth. The mold is black and deep; and there are two small Brooks of fresh Water. [---+++] They are both plentifully stored with great high Trees: therefore our Carpenters were sent ashore to cut down some of them for our use; for here they made a new Boltsprit, which we did set here also, our old one being very faulty. They made a new Fore-Yard too, and a Fore Top-Mast: and our Pumps being faulty, and not serviceable, they did cut a Tree to make a Pump. They first squa- red it, then sawed it in the middle, and then hol- lowed each side exactly. The two hollow sides were made big enough to contain a Pump-box in the midst of them both, when they were joyned together : and it required their utmost skill to close them exactly to the making a tight Cylinder for the Pump [+++---] 444 An.1687 A Prince of a Spice Island. Pump-box ; being unaccustomed to such work. We learnt this way of Pump-making from the Spani- ards; who make their Pumps that they use in their Ships in the South Seas after this manner : and I am confident that there are no better Hand-pumps in the world than they have. [---+++] While we lay here, the young Prince that I mentioned in Chapter the 13th, came aboard. He understanding that we were bound farther to the Southward, desired us to transport him and his Men to his own Island. He shewed it to us in our Draft, and told us the Name of it : which we put down in our Draft, for it was not named there: but I quite forgot to put it into my Journal. [---+++] This Man told us, that not above 6 days before this, he saw Captain Swan, and several of his Men that we left there, and named the Names of some of them, who, he said, were all well, and that now they were at the City of Mindanao : but that they had been all of them out with Raja Laut, fighting under him in his Wars against his Enemies the Al- foores : and that most of them fought with un- daunted Courage; for which they were highly honored and esteemed, as well by the Sultan, as by the General Raja Laut: That now Captain Swan intended to go with his Men to Fort St. Geosge, and that in order thereto, he had proffered 40 ounces of Gold for a Ship; but the Owner and he were not yet agreed : and that he feared that the Sultan would not let him go away till the Wars were ended. [---+++] All this the Prince told us in the Malayan tongue, which many of us had learnt; and when he went away he promised to return to us again in 3 days time, and so long Captain Reed promised to stay for him (for we had now almost finished our busi- ness) and he seem'd very glad of the opportunity of going with us. After [+++---] 445 An.1687 The Murder of C. Swan at Mindanao. After this I endeavoured to persuade our Men, to return with the Ship to the River of Mindanao, and offer their service again to Captain Swan. I took an opportunity when they were filling of Water, there being then half the Ships Company ashore: and I found these all very willing to do it. I desired them to say nothing, till I had tried the minds of the other half, which I intended to do the next day ; it being their turn to fill Water then: but one of these Men, who seemed most forward to invite back Captain Swan, told Captain Read and Captain Teat of the project, and they presently disswaded the Men from any such designs. Yet fearing the worst, they made all possible haste to be gone. [---+++] I have since been informed, that Captain Swan and his Men stayed there a great while afterward : and that many of the Men got passage from thence in Dutch Sloops to Ternate, particularly Mr. Rosy, and Mr. Nelly. There they remained a great while, and at last got to Batavia (where the Dutch took their Journals from them) and so to Europe; and that some of Captain Swan's Men died at Mindanao; of which number Mr. Harthope, and Mr. Smith, Cap- tain Swan's Merchants were two. At last Captain Swan and his Surgeon going in a small Canoa aboard of a Dutch Ship then in the Road, in order to get passage to Europe, were overset by the Na- tives at the Mouth of the River; who waited their coming purposely to do it, but unsuspected by them : where they both were kill'd in the Water. This was done by the General's Order, as some think, to get his Gold, which he did immediately seize on. Others say; it was because the General's House was burnt a little before, and Captain Swan was suspected to be the Author of it ; and others say, that it was Captain Swan's Threats occasioned his own Ruine; for he would often say passionate- ly, [+++---] 446 An.1687 They arrive at the Island Celebes. ly, that he had been abused by the General, and that he would have satisfaction for it ; saying also that now he was well acquainted with their Rivers, and knew how to come in at any time; that he also knew their manner of fighting, and the Weakness of their Country ; and therefore he woud go a- way, and get a Band of Men to assist him, and re- turning thither again, he would spoil and take all that they had, and their Country too. When the General has been informed of these discourses he would say, What, is Captain Swan made of Iron, and able to resist a whole Kingdom? Or does he think that we are afraid of him, that he speaks thus ? Yet did he never touch him, till now the Mindanayans kill'd him. It is very probable there might be somewhat of truth in all of this ; for the Captain was passionate, and the General greedy of Gold. But whatever was the occasion, so he was kill'd, as several have assured me, and his Gold seiz'd on, and all his things; and his Journal also from England, as far as Cape Corrientes on the Coast of Mexico. This Journal was afterwards sent away from thence by Mr. Moody (who was there both a little before and a little after the Murder) and he sent it to England by Mr. Goddard, Chief Mate of the Defence. [---+++] But to our purpose; seeing I could not persuade them to go to Captain Swan again, I had a great desire to have had the Prince's company: but Captain Read was afraid to let his fickle crew lye long. That very day that the Prince had promised to return to us, which was November 2. 1687. we sailed hence, directing our course South West, and having the Wind at N. W. [---+++] This Wind continued till we came in sight of the Island Celebes ; then it veered about to the W. and to the Southward of the West. We came up with the N. E. end of the Island Celebes the 9th day, [+++---] 447 An.1687 I. Gilolo, Ternate, Tidor, &c. Macasser. day, and there we found the current setting to the Westward so strongly, that we could hardly get on the East side of that Island. [---+++] The Island Celebes is a very large Island, extend- ed in length from North to South, about 7 de- grees of lat. and in breadth it is about 3 degrees. It lies under the Equator, the North end being in lat. 1 d. 30 m. North, and the South end in lat. 5 d. 30 m. South, and by common account the North point in the bulk of this Island, lies nearest North and South, but at the North East end there runs out a long narrow point, stretching N. E. a- bout 30 leagues: and about 30 leagues to the East- ward of this long Slipe, is the Island Gilolo, on the West side of which are 4 small Islands, close by it, which are very well stored with Cloves. The two chiefest are Ternate and Tidore; and as the Isle of Ceylon is reckoned the only place for Cin- namon, and that of Banda for Nutmegs, , so these are thought by some to be the only Clove Islands in the World; but this is a great error, as I have already shewn. [---+++] At the South end of the Island Celebes there is a Sea or Gulph, of about 7 or 8 leagues wide, and 40 or 50 long, which runs up the Countrey al- most directly to the North; and this Gulph hath several small Islands along the middle of it. On the West side of the Island almost at the South end of it, the Town of Macasser is seated. A Town of great Strength and. Trade, belonging to the Dutch. [---+++] There are great Inlets and Lakes on the East fide of the Island ; as also abundance of small Islands, and sholes lying scattered about it. We saw a high peeked Hill at the N. end: but the Land on the East side is low all along; for we cruized almost the length of it. The mold on this side is black and deep, and extraordinary fat and rich, and [+++---] 448 An.1687 They coast along the Isle of Celebes. and full of Trees : and there are many Brooks of Water run out into the Sea. Indeed all this East side of the Island seems to be but one large Grove of extraordinary great high Trees. [---+++] Having with much ado got on this East side, coasting along to the Southward, and yet having but little Wind, and even that little against us, at S. S. W. and sometimes Calm, we were a long time going about the Island. [---+++] The 22d day we were in Lat. 1 d. 20 m. South, and being about 3 leagues from the Island standing to the Southward, with a very gentle Land wind, (about 2 or 3 a clock in the morning, we heard a clashing in the Water, like Boats rowing: and fearing some sudden attack, we got up all our Arms, and stood ready to defend our selves. As soon as it was day, we saw a great Proe, built like the Mindanayan Proe's, with about 60 men in her; and 6 smaller Proe's. They lay still about a mile to. Windward of us, to view us; and probably de- sign'd to make a prey of us, when they first came out: but they were now afraid to venture on us. [---+++] At last we shewed them Dutch Colours, thinking thereby to allure them to come to us; for we could not go to them: but they presently rowed in to- ward the Island, and went into a large opening; and we saw them no more; nor did we ever see any other Boats, or Men, but only one fishing Ca- noa, while we were about this Island; neither did we see any House on all the Coast. [---+++] About 5 or 6 leagues to the South of this place, there is a great Range of both large and small Islands : and many shoals also that are not laid down in our Drafts; which made it extremely troublesom for us to get through. But we past be- tween them all and the Island Celebes, and anchored against a sandy Bay in 8 fathom sandy ground, about half a mile from the main Island: being then in lat. 1 d. 50 m. South. Here [+++---] 449 An.1687 Shy Turtles. Vast Cockles. A Drug. Here we stayed several days, and sent out our Canoas a striking of Turtle every day ; for here is great plenty of them; but they were very shy, as they were generally where-ever we found them in the East India Seas. I know not the reason of it, unless the Natives go very much a striking here: for even in the West Indies they are shy in places that are much disturbed: and yet on New Holland we found them shy, as I shall relate; though the Natives there do not moleft them. [---+++] On the sholes without us we went and gathered Shell-fish at low water. There were a monstrous sort of Cockles; the Meat of one of them would suffice 7 or 8 Men. It was very good wholsom Meat. We did also beat about in the Woods on the Island, but found no game. One of our Men, who was always troubled with sore Legs, found a certain Vine that supported it self by climbing about other Trees. The leaves reach'd 6 or 7 feet high, but the strings or branches 11 or 12. It had a very green leaf, pretty broad and roundish, and of a thick substance. These leaves pounded small, and boiled with Hogs Lard, make an excellent Salve. Our Men, knowing the virtues of it, stockt themfelves here : there was scarce a Man in the Ship but got a pound or two of it; especially such as were troubled with old Ulcers, who found great benefit by it. This Man that discovered these leaves here had his first knowledge of them in the Isthmuſ of Darien, he having had this Receipt from one of the Indians there: and he had been ashore in divers places since, purposely to seek these leaves, but did never find any but here. Among the ma- ny vast Trees hereabouts, there was one exceeded all the rest. This Captain Read cauſed to be cut down, in order to make a Canoa, having lost our Boats, all but one small one, in the late Storms; so 6 lusty Men, who had been Logwood-cutters in the [+++---]450 An.1687 A great Tree. Beacons set on Sholes. the Bays of Campeachy and Honduras (as Captain Read himself, and many more of us had) and so were very expert at this work, undertook to fell it, taking their turns, 3 always cutting together : and they were one whole day, and half the next, be- fore they got it down. This Tree, though it grew in a Wood, was yet 18 foot in circumference, and 44 foot of clean body, without knot or branch : and even there it had no more than one or two branches, and then ran clean again 10 foot higher ; there it spread it self into many great limbs and branches like an Oak, very green and flourishing : yet it was perisht at the heart, which marr'd it for the service intended. [---+++] So leaving it, and having no more business here we weighed, and went from hence the next day, it being the 29th day of November. While we lay here we had some Tornadoes, one or two every day, and pretty fresh Land Winds which were at West. The Sea breezes were small and uncertain, sometimes out of the N. E. and so veering about to the East and South East. We had the Wind at North East when we weighed, and we steered off S. S. W. In the afternoon we saw a shole a head of us, and altered our course to the S. S. E. In the evening, at 4 a clock, we were close by another great shole: therefore we tackt, and stood in for the Island Celebes again; for fear of running on some of the sholes in the night. By day a Man might avoid them well enough, for they had all Beacons on them, like Huts built on tall Posts, above high-water mark, probably set up by the Natives of the Island Celebes, or those of some other neighbouring Islands; and I never saw any such elsewhere. In the night we had a violent Tornado out of the S. W. which lasted about an hour. The 451 An.1687 Shoals near Celebes. A Tornado and Spout. The 30th day we had a fresh Land Wind, and steered away South, passing between the 2 Shoals, which we saw the day before. These Shoals lye in lat. 3 d. South, and about 10 leagues from the Island Celebes. Being past them, the Wind died away, and we lay becalmed till the afternoon; Then we had a hard Tornado out of the South West, and towards the evening we saw two or three Spouts, the first I had seen since I came into the East Indies; in the West Indies I had often met with them. A Spout is a small ragged piece, or part of a Cloud, hanging down about a yard, seemingly from the blackest part thereof. Com- monly it hangs down sloping from thence, or sometimes appearing with a small bending, or elbow in the middle. I never saw any hang per- pendicularly down. It is small at the lower end, seemingly no bigger than ones Arm, but 'tis fuller towards the Cloud, from whence it proceeds. [---+++] When the surface of the Sea begins to work, you shall see the Water, for about 100 paces in circumference, foam and move gently round till the whirling motion increases: and then it flies upward in a pillar, about 100 paces in compass at the bottom, but lessening gradually upwards to the smallness of the Spout itself, there where it reacheth the lower end of the Spout; through which the rising Sea-water seems to be conveyed into the Clouds. This visibly appears by the Clouds increasing in bulk and blackness. Then you shall presently see the Cloud drive along, al- though before it seemed to be without any mo- tion; the Spout also keeping the same course with the Cloud, and still sucking up the Water as it goes along, and they make a Wind as they go. Thus it continues for the space of half an hour, more or less, until the sucking is spent, and then breaking off, all the Water which was below [---+++] G g the [+++---] 452 An.1687 Of a Spout on the Coast of Guinea. the Spout, or pendulous piece of Cloud, falls down again into the Sea, making a great noise with its fall, and clashing motion in the Sea. [---+++] It is very dangerous for a Ship to be under a Spout when it breaks, therefore we always en- deavoured to shun it, by keeping at a distance, if possibly we can. But for want of Wind to carry us away, we are often in great fear and danger; for it is usually calm when Spouts are at work, except only just where they are. Therefore men at Sea, when they see a Spout coming, and know not how to avoid it, do sometimes fire shot out of their great Guns into it, to give it air or vent, that so it may break; but I did never hear that it proved to be of any benefit. [---+++] And now being on this subject, I think it not amiss to give you an account of an accident that happened to a Ship once on the Coast of Guinea, some time in or about the year 1674. One Cap- tain Records of London, bound for the Coast of Guinea, in a Ship of 300 Tuns, and 16 Guns, called the Blessing; when he came into the lat. 7 or 8 degrees North, he saw several Spouts, one of which came directly towards the Ship, and he having no Wind to get out of the way of the Spout, made ready to receive it by furling his sails. It came on very swift, and broke, a little before it reached the Ship; making a great noise, and raising the Sea round it, as if a great house, or some such thing, had been cast into the Sea. The fury of the Wind still lasted, and took the Ship on the Starboard bow with such violence, that it snapt off the Boltsprit and Fore-mast both at once, and blew the Ship all along, ready to over-set it, but the Ship did presently right again, and the Wind whirling round, took the Ship a second time with the like fury as before, but on the contrary side, and was again like to overset her the other way. [---+++] The [+++---] 453 453 An.1687 Isle of Bouton. Fickle Weather. The Mizen-mast felt the fury of this second blast, and was snapt short off, as the Fore-mast and Bolt- sprit had been before. The Main-mast, and Main- top-mast received no damage, for the fury of the Wind, (which was presently over) did not reach them. Three men were in the Fore-top when the Fore-mast broke, and one on the Boltsprit, and fell with them into the Sea, but all of them were saved. I had this relation from Mr. John Canby, who was then Quarter-master and Steward of her; one Abraham Wife, was chief Mate, and Leonard Jefferies second Mate. [---+++] We are usually very much afraid of them: yet this was the only damage that ever I heard done by them. They seem terrible enough; the rather because they come upon you while you lie becalm'd, like a Log in the Sea, and cannot get out of their way: but though I have seen, and been beset by them often, yet the fright was always the greatest of the harm. [---+++] December the 1st, we had a gentle gale at E. S. E. we steered South; and at noon I was by Observa- tion in lat. 3 d. 34 m. South. Then we saw the Island Bouton, bearing South West, and about 10 leagues distant. We had very uncertain and un- constant Winds: The Tornadoes came out of the S. W. which was against us; and what other Winds we had were so faint, that they did us little kindness; but we took the advantage of the smallest gale, and got a little way every day. The 4th day at noon I was by Observation in Lat: 4 d. 30 m. South. [---+++] The 5th day we got close by the N. W. end of the Island Bouton, and in the evening, it being fair weather, we hoised out our Canoa, and sent the Moskito men, of whom we had 2 or 3, to strike Turtle, for here are plenty of them: but they be- ing shy, we chose to strike them in the night (which G g 2 is [+++---] 454 454 An.1687 Isle of Bouton, and its City Callafusung. is customary in the West Indies also) For every time they come up to breathe, which is once in 8 or 10 minutes, they blow so hard, that one may hear them at 30 or 40 yards distance; by which means the Striker knows where they are, and may more easily approach them than in the day: for the Tur- tle sees better than he hears: but, on the contra- ry, the Manatee's hearing is quickest. [---+++] In the morning they returned with a very large Turtle, which they took near the shore; and with- al an Indian of the Island came aboard with them. He spake the Malayan Language; by which we did un- derstand him. He told us, that 2 leagues farther to the Southward of us, there was a good Harbour, in which we might Anchor: So having a fair Wind, we got thither by noon. [---+++] This Harbour is in Lat. 4 d. 54 m. South: lying on the East side of the Island Bouton. Which Island lyes near the S. E. end of the Island Celebes, distant from it about 3 or 4 leagues. It is of a long form, stretching S. W. and N. E. about 25 leagues long, and 10 broad. It is pretty high Land, and appears pretty even, and flat, and very woody. [---+++] There is a large Town within a league of the anchoring place, called Callafusung, being the chief, if there were more; which we knew not. It is about a mile from the Sea, on the top of a small Hill, in a very fair Plain, incompassed with Coco- nut Trees. Without the Trees there is a strong Stone Wall, clear round the Town. The Houses are built like the Houses at Mindanao; but more neat: and the whole Town was very clean and delightsome. [---+++] The Inhabitants are small, and well shaped. They are much like the Mindanaians in shape, co- lour, and habit; but more neat and tight. They speak the Malayan Language, and are all Mahome- tans. They are very obedient to the Sultan, who is [+++---] 455 The Sultan of Bouton; his Device and Guards. 455 An.1687 is a little Man, about 40 or 50 years old, and hath a great many Wives and Children. [---+++] About an hour after we came to an anchor, the Sultan sent a Messenger aboard, to know what we were, and what our business. We gave him an ac- count, and he returned ashore, and in a short time after he came aboard again, and told us, that the Sultan was very well pleased when he heard that we were English; and said, that we should have any thing that the Island afforded; and that he himself would come aboard in the morning. Therefore the Ship was made clean, and every thing put in the best order to receive him. [---+++] The 6th day in the morning betimes a great ma- ny Boats and Canoas came aboard, with Fowls, Eggs, Plantains, Potatoes, &c. but they would dispose of none till they had order for it from the Sultan, at his coming. About 10 a clock the Sul- tan came aboard in a very neat Proe, built after the Mindanao fashion. There was a large white Silk Flag at the head of the Mast, edged round with a deep red for about 2 or 3 inches broad, and in the middle there was neatly drawn a Green Griffon, trampling on a winged Serpent, that seemed to struggle to get up, and threatned his Adversary with open mouth, and with a long Sting that was ready to be darted into his Legs. Other East Indian Princes have their Devices also. [---+++] The Sultan with 3 or 4 of his Nobles, and 3 of his Sons, sate in the House of the Proe. His Guards were 10 Musqueteers, 5 standing on one side of the Proe, and 5 on the other side; and be- fore the door of the Proe-house stood one with a great broad Sword, and a Target, and 2 more such at the after part of the House; and in the head and stern of the Proe stood 4 Musqueteers more, 2 at each end. [---+++] G g 3 The [+++---]456 456 An.1687 The Sultans Habit. Selling of Slaves. The Sultan had a Silk Turbat, laced with nar- row Gold Lace by the sides, and broad Lace at the end: which hung down on one side the head, after the Mindanayan fashion. He had a sky-coloured Silk pair of Breeches, and a piece of red Silk thrown cross his shoulders, and hanging lofe about him; the greatest part of his back and waste appearing naked. He had neither Stocking nor Shoe. One of his Sons was about 15 or 16 year old; the other two were young things: and they were always in the arms of one or other of his Attendants. [---+++] Captain Read met him at the side, and led him into his small Cabbin, and fired 5 Guns for his welcome. Assoon as he came aboard he gave leave to his Subjects to traffick with us: and then our People bought what they had a mind to. The Sultan seemed very well pleased to be visited by the English; and said, he had coveted to have a sight of Englishmen, having heard extraordinary characters of their just and honorable dealings: but he ex- claimed against the Dutch (as all the Mindanayans, and all the Indians we met with do) and wisht them at a greater distance. [---+++] For Macasser is not very far from hence, one of the chiefest Towns that the Dutch have in those parts. From thence the Dutch come sometimes hi- ther to purchase Slaves. The Slaves that these Peo- ple get here and sell to the Dutch, are some of the idolatrous Natives of the Island, who not being under the Sultan, and having no head, live strag- gling in the Country, flying from one place to another to preserve themselves from this Prince and his Subjects, who hunt after them to make them Slaves. For the civilized Indians of the maritime places, who trade with Foreigners, if they can- not reduce the inland people to the Obedience of their Prince, they catch all they can of them and sell them for Slaves; accounting them to be but as [+++---] 457 The Sultan entertains them at Callafusung. 457 An.1687 as Savages, just as the Spaniards do the poor Ameri- cans. [---+++] After two or three hours discourse the Sultan went ashore again, and 5 Guns were fired at his departure also. The next day he sent for Captain Read to come ashore, and he, with 7 or 8 Men, went to wait on the Sultan. I could not slip an opportunity of seeing the place; and so accom- panied them. We were met at the landing place by two of the chief Men, and guided to a pretty neat House, where the Sultan waited our coming. The House stood at the farther end of all the Town before mention'd, which we past through; and abundance of people were gazing on us as we past by. When we came near the House, there were 40 poor naked Soldiers with Musquets made a Lane for us to pass through. This House was not built on Posts, as the rest were, after the Mindanayan way; but the room in which we were enter- tained was on the ground, covered with Mats to sit on. Our Entertainment was Tobacco and Betel- nut, and young Coco-nuts; and the House was beset with Men, Women and Children, who thronged to get near the VVindows to look on us. [---+++] We did not tarry above an hour before we took our leaves and departed. This Town stands in a sandy Soil: but what the rest of the Island is I know not, for none of us were ashore but at this place. [---+++] The next day the Sultan came aboard again, and presented Captain Read with a little Boy, but he was too small to be serviceable on board; and so Captain Read returned thanks, and told him he was too little for him. Then the Sultan sent for a bigger Boy, which the Captain accepted. This Boy was a very pretty tractable Boy; but what was wonderful in him, he had two rows of Teeth, one [+++---] 458 458 The Crockadore. Neat Proes. Islands. An.1687 one within another, on each Jaw. None of the other people were so, nor did I ever see the like. [---+++] The Captain was presented also with two He-goats and was promised some Buffaloe, but I do believe that they have but few of either on the Island. We did not see any Buffaloe nor many Goats, neither have they much Rice, but their chiefest food is Roots. We bought here about a thousand pound weight of Potatoes. Here our men bought also abundance of Crockadores, and fine large Parakites, curiously coloured, and some of the finest I ever saw. [---+++] The Crockadore is as big as a Parrot, and shaped much like it, with such a Bill; but is as white as Milk, and hath a bunch of feathers on his head like a Crown. At this place we bought a Proe also of the Mindanaian make, for our own use, which our Carpenters afterwards altered, and made a delicate Boat fit for any service. She was sharp at both ends, but we saw'd off one, and made that end flat, fastening a Rudder to it, and she rowed and sailed incomparably. [---+++] We stayed here but till the 12th day, because it was a bad Harbour and foul ground, and a bad time of the year too, for the Tornadoes began to come in thick, and strong. When we went to weigh our Anchor, it was hooked in a Rock, and we broke our Cable, and could not get our Anchor, though we strove hard for it; so we went away and left it there. We had the Wind at N. N. E. and we steered towards the S. E. and fell in with 4 or 5 small Islands, that lye in 5 d. 40 m. South lat. and about 5 or 6 leagues from Callafusung Harbour. These Islands appeared very green with Coco-nut Trees, and we saw two or three Towns on them, and heard a Drum all night; for we were got in among shoals, and could not get out again till the next day. We know not whether the Drum were for fear of us, or [+++---] 459 Isles of Timor, Omba, and Pentare. 459 An.1687 or that they were making merry, as 'tis usual in these parts to do all the night, singing and danc- ing till morning. [---+++] We found a pretty strong Tide here, the flood setting to the Southward, and the ebb to the North- ward. These shoals, and many other that are not laid down in our Drafts, lye on the South West side of the Islands where we heard the Drum, a- bout a league from them. At last we past be- tween the Islands, and tried for a passage on the East side. We met with divers shoals on this side also, but found Channels to pass through; so we steered away for the Island Timor, intending to pass out by it. We had the Winds commonly at W. S. W. and S. W. hard gales, and rainy weather. [---+++] The 16th day, we got clear of the shoals, and steered S. by E. with the Wind at W. S. W. but veering every half hour, sometimes at S. W. and then again at W. and sometimes at N. N. VV. bringing much Rain, with Thunder and Lightening. [---+++] The 20th day we passed by the Island Omba, which is a pretty high Island, lying in lat. 8 d. 20 m. and not above 5 or 6 leagues from the N. E. part of the Island Timor. It is about 13 or 14 leagues long, and five or six leagues wide. [---+++] About 7 or 8 leagues to the VVest of Omba, is a- nother pretty large Island, but it had no name in our plats; yet by the situation it should be that, which in some Maps is called Pentare. We saw on it abun- dance of smoaks by day, and fires by night, and a large Town on the North side of it, nor far from the Sea; but it was such bad weather that we did not go ashore. Between Omba and Pentare, and in the mid Channel, there is a small low sandy Island, with great shoals on either side; but there is a very good Channel close by Pentare, between that and the shoals about the small Isle. We were three days beating off and on, not having [+++---]460 460 A difficult passage. Timor and other Isles. An.1687 having a wind, for it was at South South West. [---+++] The 23d day in the evening, having a small gale at North, we got through, keeping close by Pen- tare. The Tide of ebb here fet out to the South- ward, by which we were helped through, for we had but little wind. But this Tide, which did us a kindness in setting us through, had like to have ruined us afterwards, for there are two small Islands lying at the South end of the Channel we came through, and towards these Islands the Tide hurried us so swiftly, that we very narrow- ly escaped being driven ashore; for the little wind we had before at North dying away, we had not one breath of wind when we came there, neither was there an anchor ground. But we got out our Oars and rowed, yet all in vain: for the Tide set wholly on one of the small Islands, that we were forced with might and main strength to bear off the Ship, by thrusting with our Oars against the shore, which was a steep bank, and by this means we presently drove away, clear of Danger; and having a little wind in the night at North, we steered away S. S. W. In the morning again we had the wind at W. S. W. and steered S. and the wind coming to the W. N. W. we steered S. W. to get clear of the S. W. end of the Island Timor. The 26th day we saw the N. W. point of Timor, S.E. by E. distant about 8 leagues. [---+++] Timor is a long high mountainous Island, stretch- ing N. E. and S. VV. It is about 70 leagues long, and 15 or 16 wide: the middle of the Island is in Lat. about 9 d. South. I have been informed that the Portuguese do trade to this Island: but I know nothing of its produce besides Coire, for making Cables; of which there is mention Chap. X. [---+++] The 27th day we saw two small Islands which lye near the S. W. end of Timor: They bear from us S. E. We had very hard gales of wind, and still [+++---] 461 An.1687 A Shoal near Timor, past with difficulty. still with a great deal of Rain: the wind at W. and W. S. W. [---+++]Being now clear of all the Islands, we stood off South, intending to touch at New Holland, a part of Terra Australis Incognita, to see what that Coun- try would afford us. Indeed, as the Winds were, we could not now keep our intended course (which was first Westerly, and then Northerly) without going to New Holland, unless we had gone back a- gain among the Islands: but this was not a good time of the year to be among any Islands to the South of the Equator, unless in a good Harbour. [---+++]The 31st day we were in lat. 13 d. 20 m. still standing to the Southward, the wind bearing com- monly very hard at W. and we keeping upon it under 2 courses, and our Mizen, and sometimes a Main-top-sail rift. About 10 a clock at night we tackt and stood to the Northward, for fear of run- ning on a shoal, which is laid down in our Drafts in lat. 13 d. 50 m. or thereabouts: it bearing S. by W. from the East end of Timor: and so the Island bore from us, by our judgments and reck- oning. At 3 a clock we tackt again, and stood S. by W. and S. S. W. [---+++]In the morning, assoon as it was day, we saw the shoal right ahead: it lies in 13 d. 50 m. by all our reckonings. It is a small spit of hand, just ap- pearing above the waters edge, with several Rocks about it, 8 or 10 foot high above water. It lies in a triangular form; each side being abour a league and half. We stemm'd right with the middle of it, and stood within half a mile of the Rocks, and founded; but found no ground. Then we went about and stood to the North 2 hours; and then tackt and stood to the Southward again, thinking to weather it: but could not. So we bore away on the North side, till we came to the East point, giving the Rocks a small birth: then we trimb'd sharp. [+++---]462 An.1688 An Error of the Hydrographers. New Holland. sharp, and stood to the Southward, passing close by it, and founded again; but found no ground. [---+++]This shoal is laid down in our Drafts not above 16 or 20 leagues from New Holland; but we did run afterwards 60 leagues due South before we fell in with it: and I am very confident, that no part of New Holland hereabouts lyes so far Northerly by 40 leagues, as it is laid down in our Drafts. For if New Holland were laid down true, we must of ne- cessity have been driven near 40 leagues to the Westward of our course: but this is very impro- bable, that the Current should set so strong to the Westward, seeing we had such a constant Westerly Wind. I grant that when the Monsoon shifts first, the Current does not presently shift, but runs after- wards near a month: but the Monsoon had been shifted at least two months now. But of the Mon- foons and other Winds, and of the Currents, else- where, in their proper place. As to these here, I do rather believe that the Land is not laid down true, than that the Current deceived us; for it was more probable we should have been deceived before we met with the shoal, than afterward: for on the Coast of New Holland we found the Tides keeping their constant course; the Flood running N. by E. and the Ebb S. by W. [---+++]The 4th day of January 1688, we fell in with the Land of New Holland in the Lat. of 16 d. 50 m. having, as I said before, made our course due South from the shoal that we past by the 31st day of December. We ran in close by it, and finding no convenient anchoring, because it lies open to the N. W. we ran along shore to the Eastward, steer- ing N. E, by E. for so the Land lies. We steered thus about 12 leagues; and then came to a point of Land, from whence the Land trends East and Southerly, for 10 or 12 leagues: but how afterwards I know not. About 3 leagues to the Eastward of this [+++---] 463 An.1688 New Holland. Dragon-trees. The Animals. this point, there is a pretty deep Bay, with abun- dance of Islands in it, and a very good place to anchor in, or to hale ashore. About a league to the Eastward of that point we anchored January the 5th, 1688. 2 mile from the shore, in 29 fathom, good hard sand, and clean ground. [---+++]New Holland is a very large tract of Land. It is not yet determined whether it is an Island or a main Continent; but I am certain that it joyns neither to Asia, Africa, nor America. This part of it that we saw is all low even Land, with sandy Banks against the Sea, only the points are rocky, and so are some of the Islands in this Bay. [---+++] The Land is of a dry sandy soil, destitute of Water, except you make Wells: yet producing divers sorts of Trees: but the Woods are not thick, nor the Trees very big. Most of the Trees that we saw are Dragon-trees as we supposed; and these too are the largest Trees of any there. They are about the bigness of our large Apple Trees, and about the same heighth: and the rind is blackish, and somewhat rough. The leaves are of a dark colour; the Gum distils out of the knots or cracks that are in the bodies of the Trees. We compared it with some Gum Dragon, or Dragons Blood, that was aboard; and it was of the same colour and taste. The other sorts of Trees were not known by any of us. There was pretty long grass growing under the Trees; but it was very thin. We saw no Trees that bore Fruit or Berries. [---+++]We saw no sort of Animal, nor any track of Beast, but once; and that seemed to be the tread of a Beast as big as a great Mastiff Dog. Here are a few small Land-birds, but none bigger than a Blackbird: and but few Sea-fowls. Neither is the Sea very plentifully stored with Fish, unless you reckon the Manatee and Turtle as such. Of these creatures there is plenty; but they are extraordinary shy; [+++---]464 An.1688 The poor winking People of New Holland. shy; though the Inhabitants cannot trouble them much, having neither Boats nor Iron. [---+++]The Inhabitants of this Country are the misera- blest People in the world. The Hodmadods of Mo- nomatapa, though a nasty People, yet for Wealth are Gentlemen to these; who have no Houses and Skin Garments, Sheep, Poultry, and Fruits of the Earth, Ostrich Eggs, &c. as the Hodmadods have: and setting aside their humane shape, they differ but little from Brutes. They are tall, strait bo- died, and thin, with small long Limbs. They have great Heads, round Foreheads, and great Brows. Their Eye-lids are always half closed, to keep the Flies out of their Eyes: they being so troublesome here, that no fanning will keep them from coming to ones Face; and without the assistance of both hands to keep them off, they will creep into ones Nostrils; and Mouth too, if the Lips are not shut very close. So that from their Infancy being thus annoyed with these Insects, they do never open their Eyes, as other People: and therefore they cannot see far; unless they hold up their Heads, as if they were looking at somewhat over them. [---+++]They have great Bottle noses, pretty full lips, and wide mouths. The two fore teeth of their up- per Jaw are wanting in all of them, men and wo- men, old and young: whether they draw them out, I know not: Neither have they any Beards. They are long visaged, and of a very unpleasing aspect; having no one graceful feature in their faces. Their Hair is black, short and curl'd, like that of the Negroes: and not long and lank like the common Indians. The colour of their skins, both of their faces and the rest of their body, is coal black, like that of the Negroes of Guinea. [---+++]They have no sort of Cloaths; but a piece of the rind of a Tree ty'd like a Girdle about their waftes, and a handful of long Grass, or 3 or 4 small [+++---]465 An.1688 Their living on small Fish left aground. small green Boughs, full of Leaves, thrust under their Girdle, to cover their nakedness. [---+++]They have no Houses, but lye in the open Air, without any covering; the Earth being their Bed, and the Heaven their Canopy. Whether they co- habit one Man to one Woman, or promiscuously, I know not: but they do live in Companies, 20 or 30 Men, Women, and Children together. Their only food is a small sort of Fish, which they get by making Wares of stone, across little Coves, or branches of the Sea: every Tide bringing in the small Fish, and there leaving them for a prey to these people, who constantly attend there, to search for them at low water. This small Fry I take to be the top of their Fishery: they have no Instru- ments to catch great Fish, should they come; and such seldom stay to be left behind at low water: nor could we catch any Fish with our Hooks and Lines all the while we lay there. In other places at low water they seek for Cockles, Muscles, and Periwinkles: Of these Shell-fish there are fewer still; so that their chiefest dependance is upon what the Sea leaves in their Wares; which, be it much or little, they gather up, and march to the places of their abode. There the old People, that are not able to stir abroad, by reason of their Age, and the tender Infants, wait their rerun; and what Providence has bestowed on them, they presently broil on the Coals, and eat it in common. Some- times they get as many Fish as makes them a plenti- ful Banquet; and at other times they scarce get every one a taste: but be it little or much that they get, every one has his part, as well the young and tender, as the old and feeble, who are not able to go abroad, as the strong and lusty. When they have eaten they lye down till the next low water, and then all that are able march out, be it night or day, rain or shine, 'tis all one: they must attend the Wares, [+++---]466 An.1688 Their Arms. How Indians get Fire. Wares, or else they must fast: For the Earth affords them no Food at all. There is neither Herb, Root, Pulse, nor any sort of Grain, for them to eat, that we saw: nor any sort of Bird, or Beast that they can catch, having no Instruments where- withal to do so. [---+++]I did not perceive that they did worship any thing. These poor creatures have a sort of Wea- pon to defend their Ware, or fight with their Ene- mies, if they have any that will interfere with their poor Fishery. They did at first endeavour with their Weapons to frighten us, who lying ashore de- terr'd them from one of their Fishing-places. Some of them had Wooden Swords, others had a sort of Lances. The Sword is a piece of Wood, shaped somewhat like a Cutlass. The Lance is a long strait pole, sharp at one end, and hardened after- wards by heat. I saw no Iron, nor any other sort of Metal: therefore it is probable they use Stone- Hatchets, as some Indians in America do, described in Chap. IV. [---+++]How they get their Fire, I know not: but, pro- bably, as Indians do, out of Wood. I have seen the Indians of Bon-Airy do it, and have my self tryed the experiment: They take a flat piece of Wood, that is pretty soft, and make a small dent in one side of it; then they take another hard round stick, about the bigness of ones little finger, and sharpen- ing it at one end like a Pencil, they put that sharp end in the hole or dent of the flat soft piece; and then rubbing or twirling the hard piece between the palms of their hands, they drill the soft piece till it smoaks, and at last takes fire. [---+++]These people speak somewhat through the throat; but we could not understand one word that they said. We anchored, as I said before, January the 5th, and seeing Men walking on the shore, we presently sent a Canoa to get some acquaintance with [+++---]467 An.1688 The People on the Islands. with them: for we were in hopes to get some Provision among them. But the Inhabitants, see- ing our Boat coming, run away and hid themselves. We searched afterwards 3 days, in hopes to find their Houses; but found none: yet we saw many places where they had made Fires. At last, being out of hopes to find their Habitations, we searched no farther: but left a great many toys ashore; in such places where we thought that they would come. In all our search we found no water, but old Wells on the sandy Bays. [---+++]At last we went over to the Islands, and there we found a great many of the Natives: I do be- lieve there were 40 on one Island, Men, Women and Children. The Men, at our first coming a- shore, threatened us with their Lances and Swords; but they were frighted by firing one Gun, which we fired purposely to scare them. The Island was so small that they could not hide themselves: but they were much disordered at our Landing, espe- cially the Women and Children: for we went di- rectly to their Camp. The lustiest of the Women snatching up their Infants ran away howling, and the little Children run after squeaking and bawl- ing; but the Men stood still. Some of the Women, and such People as could not go from us, lay still by a Fire, making a doleful noise as if we had been coming to devour them: but when they saw we did not intend to harm them, they were pretty quiet, and the rest that fled from us at our first coming, returned again. This their place of dwelling was only a Fire, with a few Boughs before it, set up on that side the wind was of. [---+++]After we had been here a little while, the Men began to be familiar, and we cloathed some of them, designing to have had some service of them for it: for we found some Wells of Water here, and intended to carry 2 or 3 Barrels of it aboard. H h But [+++---] 468 An.1688 The New-Hollanders not curious. But it being somewhat troublesome to carry to the Canoas, we thought to have made these men to have carried it for us, and therefore we gave them fome Cloaths; to one an old pair of Breeches, to another a ragged Shirt, to a third a Jacket that was scarce worth owning; which yet would have been very acceptable at some places where we had been, and so we thought they might have been with these people. We put them on them, think- ing that this finery would have brought them to work heartily for us; and our Water being filled in small long Barrels, about 6 Gallons in each, which were made purposely to carry Water in, we brought these our new Servants to the Wells, and put a Barrel on each of their Shoulders for them to carry to the Canoa. But all the signs we could make were to no purpose, for they stood like Statues, without motion, but grinn'd like so many Monkeys, staring one upon another: For these poor Creatures seem not accuftomed to carry bur- thens; and I believe that one of our Ship-boys of 10 years old, would carry as much as one of them. So we were forced to carry our Water our selves, and they very fairly put the Cloaths off a- gain, and laid them down, as if Cloaths were on- ly to work in. I did not perceive that they had any great liking to them at first, neither did they seem to admire any thing that we had. [---+++]At another time our Canoa being among these Islands seeking for game, espy'd a drove of these men swimming from one Island to another; for they have no Boats, Canoas, or Bark-logs. They took up four of them, and brought them aboard; two of them were middle aged, the other two were young men about 18 or 20 year old. To these we gave boiled Rice, and with it Turtle and Manatee boiled. They did greedily devour what we gave them, but took no notice of the Ship, or any [+++---]469 An.1688 Their Sieness. The Tides here. any thing in it, and when they were set on Land again, they ran away as fast as they could. At our first coming, before we were acquainted with them, or they with us, a Company of them who liv'd on the Main, came juft against our Ship, and standing on a pretty high Bank, threatened us with their Swords and Lances, by shaking them at us; at last the Captain ordered the Drum to be beaten, which was done of a fudden with much vigor, purposely to scare the poor Creatures. They hearing the noise, ran away as fast as they could drive, and when they ran away in hafte, they would cry Gurry, Gurry, speaking deep in the Throat. Those Inhabitants also that live on the Main, would always run away from us; yet we took several of them. For, as I have already observed, they had such bad Eyes, that they could not see us till we came close to them. We did always give them victuals, and let them go again, but the Islanders, after our first time of being a- mong them, did not stir for us. [---+++]When we had been here about a week, we hal'd our Ship into a small sandy Cove, at a Spring- tide, as far as she would float; and at low Water she was left dry, and the sand dry without us near half a mile; for the Sea rifeth and falleth here about 5 fathom. The Flood runs North by East, and the Ebb South by West. All the Neep-tides we lay wholly a ground, for the Sea did not come near us by about a hundred yards. We had therefore time enough to clean our Ships bottom, which we did very well. Most of our Men lay ashore in a Tent, where our Sails were mending; and our Strikers brought home Turtle and Mana- tee every day, which was our conftant food. [---+++]While we lay here, I did endeavour to persuade our men to go to some English Factory; but was threatened to be turned ashore, and left here for Hh 2 it. [+++---]470 An.1688 They design for Cocos, and Cape Comorin. it. This made me desist, and patiently wait for some more convenient place and opportunity to leave them, than here: Which I did hope I should accomplish in a short time: because they did in- tend, when they went from hence, to bear down towards Cape Comorin. In their way thither they design'd also to visit the Island Cocos, which lyeth in Lat. 12 d. 12 m. North, by our Drafts: hoping there to find of that Fruit; the Island having its name from thence.